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- In the exposed database, the researchers also found some of what appear to be Verifications.io’s own internal tools like test email accounts, hundreds of SMTP (email sending) servers, the text.
- Verification.io, a 'big data email verification platform,' has suffered a major data breach exposing some 2 billion records. This includes the personal email addresses of many individuals.
2019 already feels like it’s worlds away, but the data breaches many consumers faced last year are likely to have lasting effects. As we look back on 2019, it’s important to reflect on how our online security has been affected by various threats. With that said, let’s take a look at the biggest breaches of the year and how they’ve affected users everywhere.
Verifications.io provides enterprise email validation – a way for marketers to check that email addresses on their mailing lists are valid and active before sending marketing emails. This time the email validation service Verifications.io has leaked a large database containing personal and sensitive records of more than 2 billion individuals. Mar 09, 2019 Experts found an unprotected server exposing online 4 MongoDB databases belonging to the email validation company Verifications.io. A new mega data leak made the headlines, an unprotected MongoDB database (150GB) belonging to a marketing company exposed up to 809 million records. The archive includes 808,539,849 records containing: emailrecords = 798,171,891 records emailWithPhone. Rta analyzer for mac pro.
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Capital One breach
In late July, approximately 100 million Capital One users in the U.S. and 6 million in Canada were affected by a breach exposing about 140,000 Social Security numbers, 1 million Canadian Social Insurance numbers, 80,000 bank account numbers, and more. As one of the 10 largest banks based on U.S. deposits, the financial organization was certainly poised as an ideal target for a hacker to carry out a large-scale attack. The alleged hacker claimed that the data was obtained through a firewall misconfiguration, allowing for command execution with a server that granted access to data in Capital One’s storage space.
Facebook breach
In early September, a security researcher found an online database exposing 419 million user phone numbers linked to Facebook accounts. The exposed server was left without password protection, so anyone with internet access could find the database. The breached records contained a user’s unique Facebook ID and the phone number associated with the account. In some instances, the records also revealed the user’s name, gender, and location by country.
Collection #1 breach
Last January, we met Collection #1, a monster data set that exposed 772,904,991 unique email addresses and over 21 million unique passwords. Security researcher Troy Hunt first discovered this data set on the popular cloud service MEGA, specifically uncovering a folder holding over 12,000 files. Due to the sheer volume of the breach, the data was likely comprised of multiple breaches. When the storage site was taken down, the folder was then transferred to a public hacking site, available for anyone to take for free.
Verifications.io breach
Less than two months after Collection #1, researchers discovered a 150-gigabyte database containing 809 million records exposed by the email validation firm Verifications.io. This company provides a service for email marketing firms to outsource the extensive work involved with validating mass amounts of emails. This service also helps email marketing firms avoid the risk of having their infrastructure blacklisted by spam filters. Therefore, Verifications.io was entrusted with a lot of data, creating an information-heavy database complete with names, email addresses, phone numbers, physical addresses, gender, date of birth, personal mortgage amounts, interest rates, and more.
Orvibo breach
In mid-June, Orvibo, a smart home platform designed to help users manage their smart appliances, left an Elasticsearch server (a highly scalable search and analytics engine that allows users to store, search, and analyze big volumes of data in real-time) online without password protection. The exposure left at least two billion log entries each containing customer data open to the public. This data included customer email addresses, the IP address of the smart home devices, Orvibo usernames, and hashed passwords, or, unreadable strings of characters that are designed to be impossible to convert back into the original password.
What Users Can Learn From Data Breaches
Data breaches serve as a reminder that users and companies alike should do everything in their power to keep personal information protected. As technology continues to become more advanced, online threats will also evolve to become more sophisticated. So now more than ever, it’s imperative that users prioritize the security of their digital presence, especially in the face of massive data leaks. If you think you might have been affected by a data breach or want to take the necessary precautions to safeguard your information, follow these tips to help you stay secure:
- Research before you buy.Although you might be eager to get the latest new device, some are made more secure than others. Look for devices that make it easy to disable unnecessary features, update software, or change default passwords. If you already have an older device that lacks these features, consider upgrading.
- Be vigilant when monitoring your personal and financial data. A good way to determine whether your data has been exposed or compromised is to closely monitor your online accounts. If you see anything fishy, take extra precautions by updating your privacy settings, changing your password, or using two-factor authentication.
- Use strong, unique passwords. Make sure to use complex passwords for each of your accounts, and never reuse your credentials across different platforms. It’s also a good idea to update your passwords consistently to further protect your data.
- Enable two-factor authentication. While a strong and unique password is a good first line of defense, enabling app-based two-factor authentication across your accounts will help your cause by providing an added layer of security.
- Use a comprehensive security solution. Use a solution like McAfee Total Protection to help safeguard your devices and data from known vulnerabilities and emerging threats.
Stay Up to Date
To stay on top of McAfee news and the latest consumer and mobile security threats, be sure to follow @McAfee_Home on Twitter, listen to our podcast Hackable?, and ‘Like’ us on Facebook.
Table of ContentsIn that article, we aim at looking at the data about the security of Mongo DataBase – a very popular no-SQL database – which is widely used all over the world.
Aug 27
MongoDB has suffered from many bad stories where the databases of many MongoDB users were hacked because of what is known as a ‘no-security configuration’ by default.
Here we wish to look at the facts and investigate if Mongo Database is really secure or not.
Some Background About MongoDB and MongoDB Inc.
In 2007, a company named 10gen software started to develop MongoDB. Shortly, the name of the company, 10gen Software, was changed to MongoDB Inc.
MongoDB falls into the category of the no-SQL, non-transactional databases. It uses JSON to create database structure and records. The records are collections of documents and their format is left to the responsibility of the developers so it differs quite from the SQL model where records follow a strict and well-defined structure,
MongoDB is considered traditionally “simpler” to use than the SQL databases such as MySQL or Microsoft SQL. Therefore it has attracted a large audience of a “new generation” of developers not wishing to learn or use the SQL syntax.
From the corporate website of MongoDB, at the time of writing the article: “MongoDB has more than 13,000 customers in more than 100 countries. The MongoDB database platform has been downloaded over 60 million times and there have been more than 1 million MongoDB University registrations.”
MongoDB inc has more than 1,000 employees in around 20 countries. This means that we are dealing with an established and serious company. The business model of MongoDB is mass market and based on paid hosted services but the database itself is open source and free to download and use.
MongoDB which is listed on the NASDAQ stock market as MDB posted revenues of $99.37 million for the quarter ended July 2019.
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Some of the Hacks Involved With Mongo Database
One of the most recent hacks discovered involved a man named Bob Diachenko, a security researcher, whose passion is to hunt for misconfigured Mongo Databases.
One of the main tools used by Diachenko to search for vulnerable Mongo databases is Shodan.
Shodan is a paid search engine which is able to access information from the “Internet of Things”, routers, smart TVs, webcam, or other such devices. It monitors usually metadata or service banners. Users who have bought a subscription to Shodan are able to access data from traffic lights, as well as industrial water control systems, nuclear plants control systems, synchrotrons, etc.
On 23 April 2019, Diachenko discovered a database, using Shodan, which had more than 275 million records containing private details about Indian citizens!
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Records included the individual’s name, genders, email addresses and also employment history, employer, salary, mobile phone numbers.
Diachenko reported this to the Indian authorities but shortly after, the database became erased and replaced with coordinates and instructions on how to pay a ransom to get the data back … so others than Diachenko were monitoring the vulnerable databases in shodan – of more realistically, they knew about that database by reading Diachenko’s blog.
As Diachenko explained: “I have previously reported that the lack of authentication allowed the installation of malware or ransomware on the MongoDB servers.”
Sql trc file viewer. Previously the same Diachenko discovered another database that was unprotected.
The database was owned by Verifications IO enterprise email validation service. That company was involved in a bulk email list. A total of 808,539,939 records – email addresses with details – had been exposed.
A security researcher from Microsoft, Niall Merrigan claimed that – in 2017- more than 27,000 Mongo databases had already been seized by ransomware. The attack came as a sudden wave, targeting unsecured Mongo databases all over the world.
The scheme of a typical MongoDB attack consists of identifying insecure databases, copying or ciphering the data then replacing them by ciphered or voiding data or simply deleting the databases. Finally, the attacker asks money – usually via Bitcoins – to restore the data.
The Official Position of MongoDB inc
Following the waves of attacks, MongoDB communicated about the fact that their databases are ‘opened’ by default. Meaning these databases – by default – can be reached via the internet without any passwords! Here is the integral statement from MongoDB Inc:
As we can see, The official position of MongoDB Inc, at least at the time of the attacks and discoveries of a leaked database by Diachenko, consisted of assuming the politics of releasing the databases with “zero security” by default.
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The Security Mechanisms of Mongo Database
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Now let us look at the core of the problem… are Mongo Databases really insecure or not? Mongo Databases are provided with a great range of features:
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- Authentication via LDAP, the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, x509 or scram ;
- Authorization mechanisms;
- Encryption of the data;
- Auditing;
- Governance.
Note that MongoDB is not common criteria evaluated unless for instance Microsoft SQL server 2016
A security “checklist” has been published by MongoDB and displays everything that a MongoDB administrator must do before releasing the database. We list here these requirements exactly as they are displayed on the MongoDB website:
It seems therefore that MongoDB has strong security in place …
BUT,
MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, and other equivalent relational databases almost always default to local installation (connections are only possible from 127.0.0.1) and to some form of authorization (users and passwords are needed ).
On the contrary, many MongoDB databases ( all the versions except the newest ones ) are exposed to the internet and don’t require credentials by default.
Security researchers advised that the configuration file of a new MongoDB database is immediately changed so to restrict connections to localhost or to private security. subnetwork.
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Some Tests
We test the security of the database on windows by installing the latest release of the Mongo Database for windows x64:
MongoDB-win32-x86_64-2012plus-4.2.0-signed.msi.
We also choose to download the MongoDB Compass tool.
Looking at the configuration file, mongod.cfg, we see that Mongo databases are restricted to the localhost connections by default.
We start the server manually
We test that we can connect to 127.0.0.1 but that other interfaces are blocked.
Indeed we check that an external connection is refused.
The newest versions of MongoDB restrict access to the localhost by default.
Anyway, we were able to connect without a password.
We are able to choose different mechanisms for access control but by default, the method is set to “none”.
We test user creation. We see – using the Mongo Shell Mongo.exe – that we can specify the role of the new users and specify their level of access and rights.
We create a user with read-only access in the Admin database
But the user has – by default – write access in the database “test” …
This means there is clearly a problem in the role-based access system of MongoDB.
Additionally, data is not ciphered by TLS by default so data will transit in clear without explicit configuration. This is also clearly a security issue.
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Some Conclusions
While the most recent versions of MongoDB restrict the connection by default to the localhost, there are still no password, role-based access issues and no data ciphering by default. Certainly MongoDB databases -being no-SQL- are not vulnerable to SQL injections but the recent history shows that they lack strong security and they must be used only by skilled administrators which will respect scrupulously all the conditions to make them secure. By default, a MongoDB database isn’t secure and this seems to be clearly a strategic choice from MongoDB inc.
WRITTEN BY
Jamsheer K
Jamsheer K, is the Tech Lead at Acowebs and it's parent company Acodez. He mostly writes about Wordpress, WooCommerce and other programming languages and his writing normally comes from rich and hands-on experience in these technologies.
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